• Check whether the heifers have attained the breeding weight or not.

• Maintain breeding records of the animal and observe for the signs of heat at expected time of estrus.

• Keep the animals under a shed and try to avoid exposure to heat.

• During summer, sprinkle water over the animals for 5-10 minutes twice or thrice in a day.

• During summer, allow the animals to wallow for 1-2 hours daily in the morning and evening.

• If the roof of an animal shed is made up of iron sheet, put some paddy straws on the floor and make it wet by sprinkling some water.

• Feeding of the animals should be done during the cool hours. Provide sufficient clean drinking water to the animals.

• Closely observe the animal for the signs of heat especially during night and increase the time of observation.

• Provide a balanced ration to the animal, which includes mineral mixture and vitamins.

• Regular deworming of the animal.

• For the suspected animals under silent heat, use teaser bulls to identify the animals as bulls can still identify the females in heat.

• Seek advice from a qualified veterinarian.

• Check the breeding record of animals.

• Check the age and body weight of the animal.

• Advise farmers to provide balanced ration to animals.

• Reduce the amount of post-extraction soya meal (high in isoflavones), if present in the ration.

• Shed of the animal should be observed and farmers should be advised to keep the animals under shade.

• Try to know whether the farmer is giving sufficient time to observe the animal for signs of heat.

• Advise farmers to use bulls to identify the animal in heat.

• Per-rectal palpation of the reproductive organs of female animals for identifying any abnormality.

• Massage to the reproductive organs may be done for a few days.

In addition to the recommendations for paraveterinarian, a veterinarian may observe the following

• Recommend blood tests to check the hormonal profile of the animal.

• Should observe all the points like stress, ration, deworming status, etc. personally.

• Include iodine in the ration if it is limiting in the ration.

• Advice farmers to use advanced methods for heat detection (Collars/pedometers) in such animals.

• Inform farmers about the importance of maintaining breeding records and heat calendar and train them.

• Hormonal treatment (progesterone alone or in combination with estrogen) may be given to induce estrus signs in such animals.