Should maintain a record of the animal like age and weight as the animal does not show signs of heat before a certain age and body weight.

Should maintain record of de-worming as it affects the nutritional status of animals.

Should maintain a record of AI or natural breeding as pregnant animals also does not show signs of heat.

Should observe the signs of heat keenly at least thrice in a day as suggested above.

Should observe any abnormal behaviour in animal eating or vaginal discharge, if any.

Provide balanced ration to the animals.

Provide heat stress free conditions to the animals.

Rule out the cases of failure to detect heat. If possible, review the heat detection methods used by the owner/ animal handler and its efficiency by using some questionnaires.

Observe the age and body weight of the animals.

Rule out pregnancy in animal.

Suggest deworming of animals and observe the presence of ticks on the body coat of animals.

Must question and identify if there is nutritional cause by knowing the type of ration used by the farmers to feed the animals.

May give vitamin injections to the animals, especially vitamin E.

Should observe the shed of animals to suggest possible ways to alleviate heat stress and control the parasites and ticks.

Should examine the animals by per-rectal to diagnose the ovarian hypoplasia, and ovarian atrophy, which are true causes of anestrous.

Rule out the presence of the mummy in the uterus.

Should suggest farmers about the importance of balanced ration according to the age of animals.

Should suggest strategies to manage ration/fodder to the animals during off season.

Should train the farmers and encourage them to maintain a record book of animals with different parameters like age, weight, date of deworming, date of insemination, health treatment and vaccination parameters etc.

May go for ultrasonography to rule out anatomical problems in animals.

May suggest blood tests for hormones like progesterone, estrogen and blood cells counting to rule out infection.

May try to induce estrus by giving hormonal treatment/therapy.

If possible, the pedigree of the animal may also be checked to rule out the genetic causes.

May suggest genetic tests related to ovarian diseases at certified centres like NBAGR or veterinary diagnostic labs to rule out the genetic causes.

Should rule out the diseases that may be affecting the fertility of animals and treat accordingly.